Fundamental Rights:
The Constitution offers all citizens, individually and collectively, some basic freedoms. These are guaranteed in the Constitution in the form of six broad categories of Fundamental Rights, which are justifiable. Article 12 to 35 contained in Part III of the Constitution deal with Fundamental Rights.
| Article | Fundamental Right | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Article 12 | Definition of State | Defines "State" to include the government and Parliament of India. |
| Article 13 | Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights | Declares that laws violating Fundamental Rights are void. |
| Article 14 | Right to Equality | Ensures equality before the law and equal protection of laws. |
| Article 15 | Prohibition of discrimination | Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. |
| Article 16 | Equality of opportunity in public employment | Guarantees equal opportunities in public employment. |
| Article 17 | Abolition of Untouchability | Abolishes "untouchability" and forbids its practice in any form. |
| Article 18 | Abolition of titles | Prohibits the state from conferring any titles except military and academic distinctions. |
| Article 19 | Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. | Protects six freedoms including speech, assembly, and movement. |
| Article 20 | Protection in respect of conviction for offenses | Provides protection against arbitrary conviction and punishment. |
| Article 21 | Protection of life and personal liberty | Guarantees the right to life and personal liberty except by law. |
| Article 21A | Right to Education | Provides the right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14. |
| Article 22 | Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases | Guarantees rights related to protection against arrest and detention. |
| Article 23 | Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor | Prohibits human trafficking and forced labor. |
| Article 24 | Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. | Prohibits the employment of children under 14 in factories and hazardous employment. |
| Article 25 | Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion | Grants freedom of religion, conscience, and the right to profess, practice, and propagate religion. |
| Article 26 | Freedom to manage religious affairs | Allows religious denominations to manage their affairs. |
| Article 27 | Freedom from paying taxes for promotion of any religion | Prohibits taxes for promoting or maintaining any particular religion. |
| Article 28 | Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions | Provides freedom concerning religious instruction in educational institutions. |
| Article 29 | Protection of interests of minorities | Protects the cultural and educational rights of minorities. |
| Article 30 | Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions | Guarantees minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions. |
| Article 31 | [Repealed] Right to property | Right to property was a fundamental right but was repealed in 1978 and is now a legal right under Article 300A. |
| Article 32 | Right to Constitutional Remedies | Provides the right to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. |
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Source: Constitution of India
Disclaimer:
The following table contains in short some of the Fundamental Rights as enshrined in the Constitution of India. This is solely for educational purposes and may not contain all the legal fine points of the various articles quoted henceforth. For detailed understanding, please refer to the original text of the Constitution of India or consult a legal expert.
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